These notes are short additions, clarifications, or copyright information.

An endnote and a footnote serve the same purpose. emails, phone conversations or private online material).The Chicago notes-biblio style uses research paper endnotes and footnotes. You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation). Double spacing (within and between references).

On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order.Īpply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page: On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). Place the page, right after the main body and before any appendices. On the reference page, you list all the sources that you’ve cited throughout your paper. Start the reference entry with the source title.įormatting the APA reference page The basics In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted. It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. *Format the title based on its formatting in the corresponding reference entry (either italicized or, if the title in the reference entry is not italicized, placed in quotation marks). When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol. The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author.

Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that ….

Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020).

Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator.

The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. In doing so, you give credit to the original author and avoid plagiarism. You should include in-text citations every time you’re quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s ideas or words. See it as a shorter version of the entry in the reference list. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).ĪPA in-text citations include the author’s last name, publication date, and, if relevant, a locator such as a page number or timestamp. Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences.

End note apa